Religious Changes in Ancient Egypt and the Emergence of the Cult of Individualization of the Egyptian Empire During the Reign of Amenophis IV (Akhenaten)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v61i2.1352Keywords:
Religious changes, ancient Egypt, Egyptian Empire, monotheistic cult, AkhenatenAbstract
Religion had an important role in the countries of the Nile Valley. There was no force controlling the life as religion did; they used religion to explain the phenomena surrounding them. Man's life is not affected by religion only, but it was mixed with the nature which was the first preacher of religion. Man interpreted the natural phenomena that he was unable to understand as belonging to supernatural powers far from the scope of his thinking; he feared from those phenomena which called him to respect them and offer the sacrifices. From here the religion arose.
Although man did not see these powers except that he believed in their existence, he created in his imagination images of them, and conceived them as human beings that could be satisfied with offerings, until he settled in his awareness of the spiritual connection between himself and the gods. So, he loved them and relied on them. Egyptians did not have a single religion, there was an official religion, and there were beliefs and popular sanctities for every village or city that go side by side without fanaticism or rivalry.
Downloads
References
• Ahmed, Mahmoud Abdel Hamid, (2012) The History and Civilization of Pharaonic Egypt. Damascus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, c1.
• Arman, Adolf, (1995) the religion of ancient Egypt, its origin and end in four thousand years. I 1. Madbouly Library, Cairo.
• Arman, Adolf, (D.T). Egypt and Egyptian Life in Antiquity, The Egyptian Renaissance Library. Cairo
• Asman, Yan (2006). Mosaic discrimination or the price of monotheism, 1st edition, Cologne, Baghdad.
• Breasted, James Henry (1929) A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest, Madbouly Library, Cairo.
• Bakr, Muhammad Ibrahim, (D.T) Bright pages of the history of ancient Egypt, the General Antiquities Authority. Cairo.
• Cherti, Yaroslav, (1996) Ancient Egyptian Religion, 1st Edition. East House. Cairo
• Al-Jubouri, Aida Awad. (2007), The God in Jews and Christianity, Al-Balqa Applied University
• El-Gamal, Najwa Khaled, (2012) The Political Role and Civilization of Pharaonic Egypt, Beirut.
• Hassan, Selim, 2000, Old Egypt. The Egyptian Cultural Group, Cairo, C5.
• Al-Khatib, Muhammad, (1991) Immortality in the Civilization of Ancient Egypt, Volume 1: Atlas House. Damascus.
• Darwaza, Muhammad Azza, (1957). History of the Arab Gender, 1st Edition, (Sidon: Al-Asriya Press, C (1),
• Aldred, Cyril, (1992) Akhenaten, 1st Edition. The Egyptian General Authority, Cairo.
• Al-Rubaie, Ismail Nouri, (2012) Encyclopedia of Human Formation, 1st Edition, Al-Hamid Library, Amman, .
• Rezqana, Ibrahim Ahmed, and others (D.T) The Civilization of Egypt and the Ancient East, Library of Egypt, Cairo
• Taqosh, Muhammad Sohail, 2010. Encyclopedia of Ancient Civilization, Dar Al-Nafais, Cairo.
• Abdullah, Faisal and Maree, Eid, (2008), Introduction to the History of Civilization, i (1), Al Maaref, Cairo.
• Abdel Moneim, Abu Bakr, (1961), Akhenaten, I (1), The Cultural Library, Cairo, vol. 1.
• Al-Alami, Muhammad, (2010). Legends of Ancient Egypt, I (1), Dar Al-Fikr, Amman
• Ford, Donald Reed 2010, Akhenaten That Rogue Pharaoh, Dar Al-Wafaa Press, Alexandria.
• Filavsky, Emmanuel, Ages in Chaos, 1st Edition, (Cairo: Al-Uruba for Studies and Research, 2002).
• Kamal, Muharram, (1937) A History of Ancient Egyptian Art, Madbouly. Cairo
• Lallwet, Claire (2005), Thebes and the Creation of an Empire, T. / Maher Guigati, I (1), The Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo.
• Lambouzadeh, Zakia Youssef (2008), The History of Pharaonic Egypt, Cairo
• Al-Mar'i, Yaman Shamkhi Jaber. (2011), Aten's Doctrine in Akhenaton's Thought, Journal of Dhi Qar Literature, No. 2, Volume (1).
• Makkawi, Fawzi, Al-Naas and Old Egypt, (1995): Press of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Cairo
• Mahran, Muhammad Bayoumi, (D.T) Egypt and the Ancient Near East, Dar Al-Maarifa: Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Part 1,
• Mahran, Muhammad Bayoumi, (1988), Studies in the History of the Near East, 4th Edition, Dar Al-Maarifa Al-Tunya for Printing and Publishing, Alexandria, C3.
• Hornung, Eric, (2010) Akhenaten and the Religion of Light: The Public Civil Authority. Cairo.
