Permissible Metrics in Arabic Poetry:The Constriction in Long Meter as a Model

Abstract

Abstract

This research examines the impact of constriction in the long meter in Arabic poetry, aiming to explore the permissible metrics within it. We utilized a scientific approach based on the straight-line theory and identified nine levels of metrics. Five of them are symmetrical, where the constriction occurs an even number of times, and four are asymmetrical, with an odd number of contractions in each verse. We provided poetic examples for each case and found that low-level metrics (without constriction and single contractions) are scarce in Arabic poetry. High-level metrics (seven contractions and eight contractions) are rare, while medium-level metrics (double constriction, triple constriction, quadruple constriction, quintuple constriction, hexuple constriction) are frequently found. Poets, regardless of their poetic purposes, cannot surpass these levels when using constriction in the long meter. The metrics of constriction in Arabic poetry that employs the long meter generally fall within the mentioned levels. Creativity and diversity in constriction usage within poem verses lead the poet from one aspect to another, depending on the frequency of constriction use and the effort exerted to express inner emotions. This research opens new horizons in the criticism of Arabic poetry.