الاتّساع في جموع القلة مع جموع الكثرة في النص القرآني
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v62i3.2190الكلمات المفتاحية:
الاتّساع، جموع القلة، جموع الكثرة، النص القرآنيالملخص
من الظواهر اللغوية التي جاءت في التعبير القرآني والتي عدّها معظم اللغويين خروجاً عن المعتاد من طرائق القول وأنماط الكلام؛ ورود جموع القلّة مميّزة أو مفسرة أو موصوفة بجموع الكثرة، وكان علماء اللغة والمفسرون في تردد من الحكم عليها، إلاّ في مواضع قليلة، فمنهم من أخرجها من القياس النحوي والقواعد اللغوية، ومنهم من ردّها إلى التأويل والتقدير؛ لتتماشى مع قواعدهم وقوانينهم اللغوية، ولا يخفى ما في ذلك من إغضاء عن المعنى اللائق بالقصد القرآني البليغ، أو المناسب للحكم الشرعي المتوخى، وأن النص القرآني؛ أسلم وأدق تعبير لأدقّ معنى، كما أن فيه إغضاء عن خصوصية كل بناء بمعنى؛ ودلالة التركيب والسياق، وفيه تجاهل لظروف الحال والمقام وأثرها في جميع مستويات اللغة، ومما ذكر فيها؛ إنها استغناء بجمع عن جمع دون الرجوع إلى سبب هذا الاستعمال وملابسات القول، وقد جاء الاستنتاج من البحث؛ بأن استعمال جمع القلة مع جمع الكثرة فيه إفضاء إلى اتساع في الدلالة وشمول إرادة معنى البناءين معاً بعبارة موجزة وبقرينة أن مميّز كل بناء أو مفسرّة أو وصفه قد جاء على البناء الآخر، وبالاستناد إلى ظروف الحال والمقام والدلالة الاجتماعية المتبادرة إلى الذهن والمتصورة من الموقف، المنظور لها من مكنونات الإنسان وشعوره في ظروف معينة، وكذا الدلالة النفسية أو العاطفية في الخطاب القرآني، كونه نصًا لغويًا من مرسل عالم عارف معرفة عميقة شاملة بدواخل ونفسية المخاطب وعواطفه، نستدل إليها من الاستعمال الوضعي اللغوي وما يكمن خلفه من معانٍ، وما يوحي به السياق من مدلولات. إنَّ استعمال جموع القلة مع جموع الكثرة في السياق القرآني تفسيرًا أو تمييزًا أو وصفًا؛ لا يسوّغ استعماله في أي موضع من الكلام تعميماً؛ إنها يكون ذلك خاضعًا للقصد والدلالة؛ لإيقاع نكتة بلاغية في مواضع معينة من أنظمة الكلام.
التنزيلات
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