The Translatability of Qur’anic Allusions in Darwish’s Poetry: A Comparative Transtextual Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v62i1.1927Keywords:
Darwish, Poetry, Qur’anic allusions, Translation, TranstextualityAbstract
This study investigates the translation of the Qur’anic allusions in the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish and how transtextuality has shaped his literary work. This study’s analysis of the translation of Mahmoud Darwish’s poem, ʾanā Yūsuf yā ʾabī incorporated Ritva Leppihalme’s (1994) classification of references as well as Julia Kristeva’s (1980) and Gérard Genette’s (1992) transtextuality models to construct a translation transtextual- based model. It is mainly qualitative in nature, which allows the translation to be analyzed based on an eclectic approach. This study concludes that the literal translation of the poem captures only the surface meaning of the original. Therefore, the translation lacks the textual dimensions that connect it to the original text and to the poem’s Qur’anic references.
Downloads
References
• Abdul-Raof, H. (2019). Text linguistics of Qur’anic discourse. New York: Routledge.
• Bamman, D. and Crane, G. (2008). ‘The logic and discovery of textual allusions’, Proceedings of the 2008 LREC Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural
• Barthes, R. (1981). Theory of the text, in R. Young (ed.). Untying the Text, 31-47, London: Routledge.
• Castle, G. (2007). The blackwell guide to literary theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
• Darwish, M. (1986).ʾanā Yūsuf yā ʾabī. Ward aqal (fewer roses). Retrieved from: http://www.mahmouddarwish.com/ui/english/ShowContentA.aspx?ContentId=31 [Accessed 13th March 2019].
• Darwish, M. (2003). Unfortunately, it was paradise: Selected poems. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.
• Eco, U. (1976). Opera aperta (p. 35). Milano: Bompiani.
• Eliot, T. S. (1922). The waste land. Grolier Club.
• Genette, G. (1992). The architext: An introduction. Berkeley: University of California Press, 83-84.
• Genette, G. (1997a). Palimpsests: Literature in the second degree. University of Nebraska Press.
• Hammami, R. and Bergerm, J. (2017). Mural. London, New York, Verso Books.
• Heritage Data (LaTeCH 2008). Retrieved from: http://www. perseus.tufts.edu/~ababeu/latech2008.pdf (Accessed 15 June 2014)
• Issa, A.& Daragmeh, A. (2018). Aspects of intertextuality in Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry collection “do not apologize for what you have done” International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), 6 (2), 23-33.
• Joyce, J. (1991). Portrait of the artist as a young man [Simay-e- Mard-e- Honar Afarin dar Javani]. (P. Dariush, Tran.) 3rd ed. Tehran.: Asatir Publication.
• Joyce, J. (2001). Portrait of the artist as a young man [ Chehrey-e -Mard-e-Honarmand dar Javani]. (M. Badi’ei, Tran.) 3rd ed. Tehran: Niloofar Publication.
• Joyce, J. (2003). Portrait of the artist as a young man [Chehrey-e- Honarmand dar Javani]. (A. Jooya, Tran.)1st ed. Abadan: Porsesh Publication.
• Kirillov, A. G. (2003). ‘Allusions as a means of political imaging in modern media’. СГПУ, 4, pp. 102-11.Kristeva, J. (1980). Desire in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art. L. S. Roudiez (Ed.), T. Gora, et al. (Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press.
• Leppihalme, R. (1994). Culture bumps: On the translation of allusions. Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
• Lievois, K. (2017).“Translating ironic intertextual allusions.” In: Sierra, J. J. M & Terran, P. Z (eds.) 2017. The Translation of Humour / La traducción del humor. MonTI 9, pp.1-24.
• Mahfouz, N. (1947): Ziqaq al midaq. Cairo: Dar al-Shorouk.
• Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a science of translating. Leiden: EJ Brill, 159.
• Ninrat, R.(2019). The translation of allusion in crime fiction novels from English into Thai between 1960 and 2015 and 2015. Diss. University of Surrey.
• Nord, C. (2005). Text analysis in translation: Theory, methodology, and didactic application of a model for translation-oriented text analysis (No. 94). Rodopi.
• Nord, C. (2018). Translating as a purposeful activity: Functionalist approaches explained (2nd ed.). London:Routledge.
• Pirnajmuddin, H., & Niknasab, L. (2011). Translating political allusions: a survey of a portrait of the artist as a young man by James Joyce. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(7), 851-860.
• Raheb, M. (2014). Palestinian identity in relation to time and space. Amazon Book Club.
• Ruokonen, M. 2010. Cultural and textual properties in the translation and interpretation of allusions. An Analysis in Dorothy L. Sayers‟ detective novels translated into Finnish in the 1940s and the 1980s. Annales Universitatis Turkuensis B 330. Turku: University of Turku.
• Salamina, M. (2013). Translation as transexuality in Greek modernism. Syn-Thèses, (6), 58-70.
• Salehi, A. (2013). Translation of allusions in subtitling from English into Persian. International Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies, 1(1).
• Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Seferis G. (trans) (1936). Γ. Σεφέρης (trans), Θ Σ. Έλιοτ. Η Έρημη Χώρα, Μαρίνα, Δυ-σκολίες πολιτευομένου, Τρία χωρικά, Athens.
• Swairjo, M. (1999). Oh my father, I am yusif. Al-Jadid [online], 5 (28). Retrieved from: https://www.aljadid.com/content/oh-my-father-i-am-yusif [Accessed 13th March 2019].
• Tapodi, Z. (2014). Translation and transtextuality. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 6(1), 45-51.
• Tringham, D. (2014). Allusions and cultural references: Translator solutions in the Finnish translation of Terry Pratchett’s ‘reaper man’. In Electronic Proceedings of the KäTu Symposium on Translation and Interpreting Studies (Vol. 8, No. 2014, pp. 38-170).
• Zengin, M. (2016). An introduction to intertextuality as a literary theory: Definitions, axioms and the originators. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 50, 299-327.
