The Use of Psychometric Scale Theory in Formulating Gilliam Scale GARS-3 for Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v61i4.1998Keywords:
autism spectrum disorder, Gilliam scale GARS-3, traditional scale theoryAbstract
The present paper aims to formulate Gilliam Scale GARS-3 for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ADS) according to the use of psychometric scale theory. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the researchers have followed the scientific steps in formulating the scale and verifying the credibility of the translation via checking the accuracy and subjectivity in transferring all the thoughts of the scale. Then, an expert in Arabic language has checked the scale which consists of (58) items of six dimensions. The scale was applied to (500) students inside the governmental and the private centers and on a sample that was chosen according to the random class style includes the parents and trainers in Baghdad government. Likewise, to verify the psychometric features of the scale, three controls have been acknowledged for selecting the items. The controls are: the recognizing factor control through the use of the two extremist group style of the total score. Item credibility criterion that depends on an indicative associative relation between the score of the item and the total scores of the scale by using Pearson's associative factor. The ratio of the items saturation depending on the factor explorative analysis. The results of the analysis show that validity of all the items. The credibility of the scale has been verified by two ways, namely:The explicit credibility: through showing the instructions of the test and its items to a group of experts at the department of educational and psychological science. The construction credibility: through the explorative factor analysis: finding out the stability of the scale according to Alfa Cronbach, and the stability factor scored (0.941). In the light of the procedures followed by present paper, the researchers have reached to some recommendations and suggestions.
Downloads
References
• Abdulrahman M. and Khalifa , M. (2004) Manual of Parents and Specialists in Early and Intensive Behavioural Treatment of Autism Child.Cairo:Dar Al-Fakar Al-Araby.
• Abdulrahman, S. (1983) The Psychological Measurement (3rd edn.).Kuwait:Al-Falah Bookshop.
• Abdulrahman, S. (1998) Psychological Measurement .Kuwait: Al-Falah Bookshop.
• Abu Hatab, F. (1987) Mental Abilities .Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Bookshop.
• Al- Dulaimy, H.R. (2004Setting up a Test of Shapes Inference Annals Journal of Intelligence Researches. Issued by unit of Intelligence Researches and Mental abilities. Issue (1) College of Basic Education. Al-Mustansirriya University.pp.69-104
• Al- Zureiqat, I. (2004) Autism Characteristics and Treatment.(1st edn.) Amman: Dar Wael.
• Alam , S. (1986) Contemporary Developments in Psychological and Educational Measurement .Kuwait: Kuwait University.
• Alam , S. (2000) Educational and Psychological Measurement and Assessment Fundamentals-Applications and Contemporary Orientations.College of Education Al Azhar University ?(1st edn.) Cairo: Dar Al Fakar Al-Araby.
• Alam , S. (2001) Diagnostic Criterion –referenced Tests in Educational , Psychological and Training Fields. Cairo: Dar Al Fakar Al Araby.
• Alam , S. (2005) Response Samples of One Dimensional and Multidimensional Test Item with its Applications in the Psychological and Educational Measurement (1st edn.) Cairo: Dar Al Fakar Al Araby.
• Al-Batsh, M., Abo Zina , F. (2007) Scientific Research Methodology. Research Design and Statistical Analysis. Amman:Dar Al- Sirrah for publication, Distribution and Printing.
• Al-Imam , M. (1990) Measurement and Assessment .Baghadad: Dar Al-Hikma.
• Al-Nabhan, M. (2004) Fundamentals of Measurement in Behaviuoral Sciences (1st edn.).The University of Jordan: Dar Al Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.
• AlRawy , F. and Hamad, A. (1999) Autism .The Vague Disability .Al-Duha. Qatar.
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
• Anastasi , A & Urbina , S. ( 1997 ) . Psychological testing, 7th edn. , New York , prentice hall .
• Anastasia , A. ( 1988 ) Psychological Testing , New York , 6th Macmillan Publishing.
• Auda, A. (2000) Measurement and Assessment in Educational Process. Jordan-Dar Al Amal for Publication and Distribution.
• Bakare M, (2012): Munir K, Aguayo P, Gaddour N, Öner Ö, Mercante M, Autism Spectrum disorder in Rey JM (ed) , IACAPAP e- textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental health.
• Culler , E.A. ( 1966 ) Studies in psychometric theory , Journal of Expert of Psychology , Vol , 9 , No.2 .
• Dawood, A. and Abdulrahman ,A.(1990) Educational Methodology. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research .University of Baghdad.
• Doweidry, R. (2000) Scientific Research. Theoretical Fundamentals and Scientific Practices.Damascus:Dar Al Fakar.
• DSM-5. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: American Psychiatric.
• Ebel , K.L. ( 1972 ) Essentials of Education Measurement , 2nd Erylood : California .
• Filipek, P. J. Accardo, S. Ashwal, G. T. Baranek, E. H. Cook, Jr., G. Dawson, B. (2010) :Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child , Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism: Report of the Quality
• Ghiselli , E.E. etal, S ( 1981 ) Measurement Theory for the Behavioral Science , San Francisco . W.H – Freh man &Company .
• Ghiselli ,E .E (1964), Theory Of Psychological Measurement . New York .Mc Graw –Hill.
• Gilliam, J. (2014) Autism spectrum Disorders International Association for Child and Adolescen Psychology and Allied Professional, TX : Pro-Ed.
• Gilliam, J.E (2013) Gilliam Rating Autism Scale (GARS-3) , Austin , TX : Pro-Ed.
• Harrison, A. (1983) A Language testing Handbook, London, the Mac Millan Press.
• Krus , D. J. ; & Fuller , E.A. ( 1982 ) . Illustration of the Theory of True and Error Scores. Computer Based Method of Idealized .
• Magnusoon, D. (1967).Testing Theory, London, Addison – Wesley Publishing Company .
• Melhem ,S. (2000) Measurement and Assessment in Psychology .New vision(1st edn.)Amman:Dar Al Massira for Publishing , Printing and Distribution.
• Nunnally , J. c. ( 1978 ) Psychometric Theory , 2nd ed , New York : Mc Graw – Hill
• Samadi, Sayyed Ali & MCconkey Roy, (2014): The Utility of the Gilliam rating scale for identifying Iranian children with Autism.
• Samara , A. (1989) Principles of Measurement and Assessment in Education. Dar Al-Fakar for Publication and Distribution.
• Shiriban, L. (2010) Autism between Science and Fiction .Translated by Fatima Ayyad .Kuwait: Dar Al-Maarefa.
• Theeb, R. (2013) Psychometric Characteristics for Syrian Picture out of Gilliam Scale to Diagnose Autism Disorder. Published Research Paper in Journal of Educational Science.(Vol.40) Appendix (1) College of Educational Science Jordan University.
• Weiner , E.A. & stewart , B.J. ( 1984 ) : Assessing Individuals Psychological and Educational Tests and Measurement , New York , Little Brown , Co.
