Geographical Analysis of Diseases and Epidemics in the World 1918 - 2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v61i4.1933Keywords:
Distribution, Diseases, Epidemics, The WorldAbstract
The geographical study of diseases and epidemics and their spread in the world from 1918 - 2018 is one of the important studies. These diseases and epidemics are the totals of types of influenza and according to the chronological order, the Spanish flu (1918-1920), the Asian flu (1957-1958), the Hong Kong flu (1968) -1970), swine flu (2009-2010), as well as another epidemic that spread in most countries of the African continent, namely the Ebola virus (1976-2020). The indicators of these diseases and epidemics have been applied, and the degree of their spread and impact has been applied, and the study has included several aspects, the first side: the theoretical framework for research and the second side is the geographical distribution of diseases and epidemics in the world and their economic and social effects. The study concluded that the reason for the discrepancy in injuries among the countries of the world is the commitment of some countries to the provisions of the World Health Organization and its high capabilities, and other countries did not adhere to these provisions due to the situation imposed on them, especially the coincidence of the end of the First World War with the outbreak of the Spanish flu epidemic, and therefore the movement of fighters from The battlefield to the country to which they belong, as happened when the soldiers moved from the areas of operations to America, and they transmitted the Spanish flu epidemic after they were infected with it.
Downloads
References
- Abu- Hajr , Amna, (2009), Geographical Dictionary, 1st edition Amman, Dar Osama for Publishing and Distribution
- Abu Al-Ghar, Muhammad, (2020), The Epidemic that killed 180,000 Egyptians, Dar Al-Shorouk, Publishing Cairo.
- Arthur, Starling, (2006), Plague, Sars, and the Story of Medicine in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong Press .
- Barry, John M, (without year of publication), The Great Influenza, translated by Ihab Abdel Hamid, That Al Salasil Publications, Kuwait.
- Bristow, Nancy, (2016) The American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Flu Pandemic, Oxford University Press.
- World Bank, (2016), Ebola and the Economy in Africa, at https://www.worldbank.org.
- Taubenberger. K., Jeffrey, and David M. (2011) Influenza of 1918: the mother of all pandemics, archived copy on the Wayback Machine.
- CBC History, (2009), A deadly virus rages across Canada at the end of World War I, copy on the Wayback Machine. : Spanish Flu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki.
- Jackson, Claire, (2009), British Journal of General Practice, at https://doi.org.
- Jarrett, A., Thomas, (2007), The Economic Implications of the Modern Era Pandemic (Influenza of 1918), Federal Reserve Bank, St. Louis.
- Pandemic Influenza 1957 (2021), Pandemic Influenza Stories Book, . www.cdc.gov.
- Al-Jazeera, (2018) ,the Spanish flu is a deadly epidemic on the website: https://www.aljazeera.net/news.
- Department of Finance Canada, (2006), The Economic Impact of the Influenza Pandemic, at http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.
- Ramadan, Taha Abdel Nasser, (2020), learn about a disease that appeared in China and killed millions on the website https://www.alarabiya.
- Ramadhan, Taha Abdel Nasser, (2007) A disease that the world believed in its demise.. He returned months later and killed 50 million, Al Arabiya, https://www.alarabiya.net/last-page.
- Stuff, Reuters, (2009), The Swine Flu Epidemic, at https://www.reuters.com.
- Abdel-Masih, Zarzis, and others, Epidemiology, Baghdad, Al-Tadhamon Press, 1st edition, without publication year.
- Crosby, Alfred, (2009), America's Forgotten Pandemic, Cambridge University Press, Andrew Price Smith, Contagion and Chaos, Massachusetts, MIT Press, Cambridge.
- Key, Rogers, (2016), Asian Flu 1957, http://www.britannica.com.
- Coney, Goldsmith, (2007), Influenza: The Next Pandemic, London.
- Musa, Amal, (2016), Urbanization among four reasons for the spread of diseases around the world, On the website https://al-ain.com.
- Maximilian, Kotzner, (2020) A debate on the origins of the 1957 Asian influenza. Deutschland Archive (in German). Federal Agency for Civic Education.
- World Health Organization, (2009), Mortality Estimation, Spanish Flu, at https://ar.wikipedia.org.
- World Health Organization, (2004), Guidelines for the use of vaccines and antiviral drugs during influenza epidemics, Geneva.
- World Health Organization, (2014), Ebola Virus Disease, African Regional Office, West Africa.
- World Health Organization, (2014) Estimation of injuries and deaths.
- British Medical Journal, (2020), Influenza experts warn of the need for pandemic plans.. Archived copy, on the Wayback Machine: Spanish Flu https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki.
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021), H2N2 Asian Influenza Pandemic (1957-1958), at https://ar.wikipedia.org.
- McKinnon, Neal, (2009), The Simultaneous Financial and Economic Crisis in an Outbreak of Swine Fever, Electronic Control Unit, London.
- Nossiter, Adam, (2014), Fear of Ebola Generates Physician Horror, at https://translate.google.iq.
- US Department of Health and Human Services (2020) Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice Third Edition Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
- Wikipedia, (2019), the free encyclopedia, The swine flu epidemic in Asia, at https://ar.wikipedia.org.
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, (2014), The Ebola Virus Epidemic in Liberia, Liberia, Archived from The Ebola Virus Epidemic in Liberia at https://ar.wikipedia.org.
- John M. Barry , The great influenza, Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street , New York,
- Jeffery K. , David M. Morens., 1918 Influenza, the Mother of All Pandemics. 03 September 2011. https://ar.wikipedia.org
