Shadow Economies (What are they? their Classification, their Locative Patterns, their Forms of Spread, their Negative Effects on the Structure of the City Morphologically)

Abstract

The city remains with all its components and activities occupies an important place in the geographical studies and researches, also shadow economy is one of the most important phenomena that can be seen in any city in the world, including Baghdad as one of the components and elements causing it and still plays an important role in influencing the city's morphology. The form and image of the spatial distribution of the uses of its land in addition to its role in influencing the activities of the city and its functions and environment, all these matters make it clear to show the impact and role played by the shadow economies within the city with all its elements and components  that show the city in uncivilized aspects and low functional and environmental efficiency which require standing at this effect to reduce the phenomenon of random spread and organizing its spread as an existing problem and constantly appearing; and being difficult to cut its roots to protect the face of the civilized city. Shadow economy as a phenomenon has greatly affected cities and urban appearance and led to the emergence of a chaotic appearance and visual pollution of the urban landscape as a result of lack of similarity and harmony in style and construction between the built regular units and the economics of the shadow that trespass the ground in a way that does not fit with the identity of the city and its civilized personality.