Rock structures and their Effect on the Rise of Salt Concentrations in the Euphrates River (AL-Shamya – Al Kifl Irrigation) Practical Study Using RS & GIS Techniques

Abstract

 The study deals with investigating the rock formations and their effect on the rise of salt concentrations in the Euphrates River within Diwaniyah and Najaf governorates (Shat Abbasiyah and Kufa), which is located between two latitudes (44°20ˋ00̏-44°40ˋ00̏) East and longitude (31°53‵00‶-32°00‵00‶) north.The aim of the study is to survey the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques in analyzing the effect of the different rock structures in the study area, namely the geological structure, which is due to the deposition of the fourth time, the linear structures, the cracks, the degree of regression and the direction of the regression, the change in salt concentrations and salt characteristics in the Euphrates during the passage in the courts of Shamiya and Kufa have measured some salt indicators (number of acidity, electric conductivity, total soluble salts, and the proportion of adsorption of sodium), in addition to measuring concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphates, the samples were taken from 16 sites at different depths in the months : (May, October and January) of the year (2017-2018), and concluded the study to the effect of rock structures and the geological structure, linear structures, faults, gradient and gradient, as their effect was evident in the middle of the samples: (4, 5, 8, 9, 10). The percentage of salt concentrations in these samples increased compared with other samples, which have reduced effect of rock formation on them.